Replacement theology (supersessionism) is the belief that the new covenant through Yeshua canceled God’s earlier covenants with Israel, making the Church the “new Israel,” with the parallel assumption that God has rejected or abandoned the people of Israel.
Replacement theology emerged from 1st-century Gentile misunderstandings (which Paul addressed in Rom 11), grew in the 2nd and 3rd centuries through figures like Justin Martyr and Origen’s allegorical readings, and solidified in the 4th century with Church fathers Augustine and Chrysostom amid anti-Jewish sentiment and the Church’s Gentile dominance. A doctrine not from Scripture, it stems from cultural biases and hermeneutical errors. While not the oldest heresy (Gnosticism predates it), it’s among the most persistent, contradicting God’s everlasting covenant with Israel (Gen 17:7, Rom 11:29).
Additional scriptures to add to the gallery:
Act 3:25-26;
Rom 9:4-5;
Gal 3:17;
Eph 2:12-19;
Rev 7:4-9
That Yeshua fulfilled the covenants, not replaced them
Who are the Children of Israel?
The Synagogue of Satan
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