ephesians 2

Read Ephesians 2 at Bible Gateway.

Eph 1:4-2:10 chiastic structure:

1a) Eph 1:4, He chose us before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy + without blame;

1b) Eph 1:5-6, Adoption as sons by Jesus Christ by His grace which made us accepted;

1c) Eph 1:7-18, The riches of His grace/ the riches of the glory of His inheritance;

1a) Eph 1:7, In Him we have redemption + forgiveness according to the riches of His grace;
1b) Eph 1:8-9, Wisdom + prudence/ made known to us the mystery of His will;
1c) Eph 1:10, Gather together in one, in Christ;
1d) Eph 1:11-12, In Him we have obtained an inheritance/ to the praise of His glory;
central axis) Eph 1:13, In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise;
2d) Eph 1:14, Holy Spirit the guarantee of our inheritance/ to the praise of His glory;
2c) Eph 1:15-16, Faith in the Lord Jesus + love for all the saints;
2b) Eph 1:17-18a, Wisdom + revelation/ knowledge of Him, understanding being enlightened;
2a) Eph 1:18b, That you may know the hope of His calling + riches of the glory of His inheritance;

1d) Eph 1:19-23, His power raising Christ from the dead + seated Him in the heavenly places;

1e) Eph 2:1a, And you He made alive;

1f) Eph 2:1b-3, Who were dead in trespasses and sins;

central axis) Eph 2:4, But God, who is rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us;

2f) Eph 2:5a, Even when we were dead in trespasses;

2e) Eph 2:5b, He made us alive together with Christ;

2d) Eph 2:6, Raised us up together + made us sit together in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus;

2c) Eph 2:7, Exceeding riches of His grace + kindness toward us in Christ Jesus;

2b) Eph 2:8-9, Salvation by grace through faith, the gift of God and not of works;

2a) Eph 2:10, We are created for good works prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.

Eph 2:11-19 chiastic structure:

1a) Eph 2:11-12, Gentiles were aliens from Israel/strangers from the covenants without God;

1b) Eph 2:13, In Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ;

1c) Eph 2:14a, For He Himself is our peace;

1d.1) Eph 2:14b, Who has made both one, and has broken down the dividing wall of separation;

1d.2) Eph 2:15a, Having abolished in His flesh the enmity;

central axis) Eph 2:15b, The Law of commandments contained in ordinances;

2d.1) Eph 2:15c-16a, To create one new man from the two/ making peace + reconciling both to God;

2d.2) Eph 2:16b, Through the cross, thereby putting to death the enmity;

2c) Eph 2:17, And He came and preached peace to you;

2b) Eph 2:17b-18, Who were afar off + who were near/ through Him we have access to the Father;

2a) Eph 2:19, No longer strangers + foreigners but citizens + members of the household of God.

The dividing wall is not the Law of commandments, or Torah. We know because we have already studied several of Paul’s letters where this subject has been addressed (as in Rom 3:31, for example). The italicized words in your Bible were not in the Greek, but were added to the text. If the dividing wall was not the Torah of commandments, then what was the dividing wall?

The enmity. He abolished in His flesh, the enmity, and when He abolished the enmity, He broke down the dividing wall. So what is the enmity? Enmity, in Greek, is an enemy, or a hostility. Paul further explains that which was hostile to us in Col 2:

When you were dead in your transgressions and the uncircumcision of your flesh, He made you alive together with Him, having forgiven us all our transgressions, having canceled out the certificate of debt consisting of decrees against us, which was hostile to us; and He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross. Col 2:13-14

The “certificate of debt” contained in “decrees against us” is what is hostile to us. That is the enmity. A “certificate of debt” is in Greek, a cheirographon: a list of the crimes which a criminal had committed, written out, which was posted at his execution, or posted outside his jail cell. It was for these transgressions of the law that the criminal was in chains. Pilate posted a cheirographon over the head of Jesus when He was crucified. Jesus’ cheirographon read, “The King of the Jews.”

It is not the Torah, which is holy and just and good, which was hostile to us, but the list of our transgressions of the Torah which was hostile to us – since it was because of that list that we were condemned to die.

The enmity of Eph 2 is the same as that which was hostile to us in Col 2. In other words:

[Messiah broke down the barrier of the dividing wall] by abolishing in His flesh the enmity [which was hostile to us], the Law of commandments [written down as the] ordinances [which we have transgressed, which condemned us to death], so that in Himself He might make the two into one new man, thus establishing peace … Eph 2:15

Now why did Paul do this sometimes, and just use a partial phrase to refer to something instead of spelling everything out so that there would be no misunderstanding? Listen, he never realized, I don’t think, that he was writing the next part of the Bible. To him, he was just answering questions raised to him by the churches. The letter he received from Ephesus, which prompted this reply, might have gone into great detail – we don’t know, we don’t have the letter he was sent, just his reply. It makes no sense, if you are replying to someone, to repeat in detail everything they said to you. They know what they said. Thus referring to it by the key words is enough to bring the whole concept to mind.

Actually, the fact that he was a bit careless about spelling everything out in places is proof that Paul was the author of these letters, and that they were written very early on in the life of the church, not hundreds of years later by a panel of “church fathers” trying to distort Jesus’ message, as some like to claim. A church father, writing hundreds of years later, would spell everything out.